The Gazetteers Department

It is the perennial source of irrigation that helps the land to be green throughout the year, and provides with an assured remedy to relieve the tillage from the random rains that still determine the agrarian pattern of the district. There is still an imbalance between the ' dry' and ' wet' crops which are found everywhere side by side in the district. The efforts to increase the irrigational facilities so as to bring more land under 'wet' crops in the district, however are restricted to a very limited area as could be seen from the proportion of gross irrigated area to gross cropped area in the year 1959-60 which was 4.89 per cent as against the State average of 6.23 per cent.

The chief source of irrigation in the district are the wells. Canals 'have also been made and are supplied with water either from artificial tanks or from risers that have been dammed up. The fields are watered either by lift or by flow from canals and water courses. Such canals numbered 112 in 1961-62. out of which 96 were government canals and the remaining 16 were owned by non-governmental bodies. They together irrigated an area of 9947.182 hectares (24,580 acres) in 1961-62. Dhulia. Sakri, Nandurbar and Shahada talukas together have more than 90 per cent of the area irrigated by canals in the district. Private canals are mainly found in Shahada taluka. The irrigation wells numbered 13024 in 1961-62, and they irrigated in area Of 18902.074 hectares (46,708 acres). Wells provide the main source of irrigation in all the nine talukas of the district. Akkalkuwa, Taloda, and Shirpur talukas have their lands irrigated entirely by wells, while Akrani Taluka has practically no area under irrigation. The wells are usually of two kinds pakka or masonry wells and kachcha or unfaced wells. They are worked by mot which is in almost universal use. The mot, a large leathern bucket, is so suspended as to discharge itself on rising to the surface. The motive power is supplied by a pair of bullocks advancing and retreating on an inclined plane.

The net irrigated area [These figures include areas irrigated by canals, wells and tanks.] increased from 27166.976 hectares (67,131 acre) in 1952-53 to 29741 993 hectares (73,494 acres) in 1961-62 or by 9.5 per cent in the course of ten years.

'Another remarkable improvement has been in the number of oil engines and electric pumps used for irrigation. The number of electric pumps increased from 13 in 1951 to 81 in 1961. The number of oil engines increased from 844 in 1951 to 3826 in 1961.[Census of India 1961, District Census Handbook, Dhulia, p. 3.]

Other details regarding the sources of irrigation such as their location, area irrigated by them, water rates charged, the crops irrigated and their constructional description are given in the following tables. The table No. 35 gives information about the irrigation works completed before the First Five-Year Plan, and those which have been completed during the first three Five Year Plans, while the table Nos. 36 and 37 give information about the irrigation works which are in progress under the control of the Zilla Parishad, and the Panchayat Samitis, respectively.

Food crops occupy about 90 per cent of the gross irrigated aiea. Of these wheat is an important irrigated crop. Other irrigated crops are rice, jowar, pulses, vegetables and chillis. Area under irrigated cotton has been gradually increasing. In Dhulia taluka more than half the irrigated area is under wheat. Another remarkable change in the cropping pattern under irrigation in the taluka is that the whole cotton producing area is under irrigation. Nandurbar taluka has the largest irrigated area under chillis. In Sakri taluka the area under irrigation is fairly well distributed among the different crops. In Taloda, Shahada and Sindkheda talukas the irrigated areas are somewhat equally distributed between wheat and chillis. The Dhulia, Shahada and Sakri talukas have got more irrigated areas" under non-food crops.

TABLE No. 35

IRRIGATION WORKS COMPLETED BEFORE AND DURING THE FIVE-YEAR PLANS IN DHULIA DISTRICT

Sr. No.	Name of work	Location of work	Taluka or Talukas served	Period and cost 0f construction
1	2	3	4	5
Bandharas on Panzra River			Works completed before the First Five Year Plan
1	Warsha Bandhara	Warsha	Sakri	Not available
2	Pankheda Upper Bandhara	Pankheda	Do.	Do
3	Pankheda Lower Bandhara	Do.	Do.	Do.
4	Pimpalner Nadipur Bandhara	Pimpalner	Do.	Do.
5	Shenpur Bandhara	Shenpur	Do.	Do.
6	Dhadne Bandhara	Dhadne	Do.	Do.
7	Pimpalner Panthal Bandhara	Pimpalner	Do.	Do.
8	Pimpalner Bor Kund Bandhara	Do.	Do.	Do.
9	Kasara Bandhara	Kasara	Do.	Do.
10	Sayana Bandhara	Sayana	Do.	DO.
11	Malpur Bandhara	Malpur	Do.	Do.
12	Gondur Bandhara	Gondur	Do.	Do.
13	Nandvan Bandhara	Nandwan	Do	Do.
14	Samoda Bandhara	samoda	Do.	DO.
15	Dotarthi Bandhara	Dotarthi	Do.	Do.
16	Bhadne Bandhara	Bhahadne	Do.	Do.
17	Ner Upper Bandhara	Ner	Dhulia	Do.
18	Ner Lower Bandhara	Do.	Do.	DO.
19	Kusumba Upper Bandhara	Kusumba	Do.	Do.
20	Kusumba Lower Bandhara	Do.	Do.	Do.
21	Kheda Bandhara	Kheda	Do.	Do.
22	War Bandhara	War	Do.	Do.
23	Mukti Tank (L. P. R. Works) Dhulia		Do. (Sindkheda, Amalner)	Do.
24	Dhulia Bandhara	Dhulia town	Dhulia	Do.
25	Nimkhedi Bandhara	Nimkhedi	Do.	Do.
26	Nyahalod Bandhara	Nyahalod	DO.	Do.
27	Japi Bandhara	Japi	DO.	Do.
28	Mohadi Bandhara	Mohadi	Do.	Do.
29	Mandal Bandhara	Mandal	Do.	Do.
30	Walkheda Bandhara	Walkheda	Sindkheda	Do.
31	Betawad Bandhara	Betawad	Do.	Do.
32	Shanimandal Tank	Talwade	Nandurbar	Do.
33	Peer tank	Nandurbar town	Do.	DO.
34	Sutara Bandhara	Sakri Sutara	Sakri	Do.
35	Dhaner Bandhara.	Dhaner	Do.	Do.

*Figures in brackets indicate area in acres.

TABLE No. 35—contd.

Area Commanded (in hectares)*	Approximate Area Irrigated in 1963-64. (in hectares)*	Description of each dam. canal, weir. tank, bandhara etc.	Water rates charged	Crops irrigated.
6	7	8	9	10
Works completed before the First Five Year Plan
Not available.	21.044	Kaccha Bandhara	Not available.	--
	(52)
Do.	104.004	Stone masonry bandhara	1) For kayambagayat the water rates are charged by the revenue department.	Sugarcane. Plantain. wheat, gram, dadar cotton, groundnut vegetables, fruit trees, etc.
	(257)
Do.	65.559	Do.
	(162)
Do.	57.870	Do.
	(143)
Do.	139.617	Do.	2) For temporary bagait the water rates are charged as follows:— Sugarcane & Plantain Rs. 120 per acre per annum Other perennial Rs. 70 per acre per annum Two seasons Rs. 15 per acre. Kharif crops Rs. 6 per acre.
	(345)
Do.	114.931	Do.
	(284)
Do.	96.720	Do.
	(239)
Do.	161.874	Do.
	(400)
Do.	142.854	Do.
	(353)
Do.	8.498	Do.
	(21)
Do.	91.459	Do.
	(226)
Do.	159.851	Do.	Hot seasonal crops Rs. 18 per acre. One watering to Kharif crop Rs.3 per acre.
	(395)
Do.	68.797	Do.
	(170)
Do.	167.540	Do.
	(414)
Do.	11.331	Do.	One watering to rabi crop
	(28)
Do.	180.085	Do.	Rs. 4 per acre.
	(445)
Do.	77.700	Do.	Groundnut double the bhusar rate per acre.
	(192)
Do.	106.028	Do.	Cotton Crop Rs. 37 per acre for 1964-65 & 1965-66 only.
	(262)
Do.	198.296	Do.
	(490)
Do.	198.296	Do.
	(490)
Do.	178.871	Do.
	(442)
Do.	173. 205	Do.
	(428)
Do.		Earthen dam
Not known	161.874	Stone masonry Bandhara.
	(400)
Do.	77.295	Do.
	(191)
Do.	323.749	Do.
	(800)
Do.	164.707	Do.
	(407)
Do.	135.165	Do.
	(334)
Do.	196.677	Do.
	(486)
Do.	162.684	Kaccha bandhara and channel stone. masonry bandhara earthen dam.
	(402)
Do.	171.991
	(425)
Do.	Not available.	Stone masonry bandhara.
Do.	Do.
Not available	Not available	Not available	Not available	Not available
Do.	Do.	Do.	Do.

*Figures in brackets indicate area in acres.

TABLE No. 35-contd.

1	2	3	4	5
36	Machamal Bandhara	Machamal	Sakri	Not available
37	Khandbara Bandhara	Khandbara	Do.	Do.
38	Dahivel Bandhara	Dahivel	Do.	Do.
39	Bhadgaon Bandhara	Bhadgaon	Do.	Do.
40	Kirwade Bandhara	Kirwade	Do.	Do.
41	Surpan Bandhara	Surpan	Do.	Do.
42	Astane Bandhara	Astane	Do.	Do.
43	Jirethal Bandhara	Jirethal	Do.	Do.
44	Bhandane Bandhara	Bhandane	Do.	Do.
	Bandharias on the tributaries of Panzra river.
45	Kudashi Bandhara	Kudashi	Do.	Do.
46	Dangshirwada Bandhara	Dangshirwada	Do.	Do.
47	Virkhel Upper Bandhara	Virkhel	Do.	Do.
48	Virkhel Lower Bandhara	Virkhel	Do.	Do.
49	Balnane Bandhara	Balnane	Do.	Do.
50	Deshirwade Bandhara	Deshirwade	Do.	Do.
51	Chiksa Bandhara	Chiksa	Do.	Do.
52	Morane Bandhara	Morane	Do.	Do.
53	Jirapur Bandhara	Jirapur	Do.	Do.
54	Gondur Tank	Gondur	Dhulia	Do.
Works completed during the first five year plan.
55	Bandhara at Kolde	7 miles away from Nan-durbar.	Nandurbar	Not available
56	Bandhara at Girasgaon	Girasgaon	Do.	Do.
57	Bandhara at Dhamdod.	Dhamdod	Do.	Do.
58	Bandhara at Devale	Devale	Do.	Do.
54	Bandhara at Dhulawad	On River Shivan	Do.	Year 1963- Rs.0.49 lakhs
60	Bandhara at Navitanda.	Navitanda	Do.	Year 1953 - Rs. 0.80 lakhs.
61	Bandhara at Bhone	On river Patalganga near Bhone.	Do.	Very old.
62	Bandhara at Adchi	Adchi.	Do.	Year 1953- Rs.0.19 lakhs Dhulia
63	Bandhara at Dudhala	Dudhala	Do.	Year 1953- Rs.0.17 lakhs.
64	Bandhara at Kothali	On Goon Nalla near Kothali.	Do.	Year 1953- Rs.O.19 lakhs.
65	Bandhara at Gujar Bhawali	On River Shivan near Gujar Bhawali.	Do.	Year 1953- Rs.0.13 lakhs.
66	Renovation to Bandhara at Sunderde.	Sunderde	Do.	Very old. Rs.0.29 lakhs.
67	Bandhara at Nimdhahi	Nimdhani	Do.	--
68	Bandhara at Devi	Devi	Sindkheda	Very old.
69	Bandhara at Hol	Hol	Shahada	Do.
70	Bandhara at Chaupale	Chaupale	Nandurbar	--
Works completed during the Second Five-Year Plan.
71	New chanael from Betawad Bandhara to Betawad Paste OR Panzra River,	Oae mile away from Ajande Bk.	Sindkheda	1952-60 not known.
72	B and C on River Burai near Chimathana	3 miles away from Chimathana.	Do.	1952-60- cost of construction not known.
73	Extension of Old Kapadne Channel on Lower Panzra River.	Nimkhedi	Dhulia	1953-61- Rs. 185950

TABLE No. 35-contd.

6	7	8	9	10
Not available.	Not available.	Not available	Not available.
Do.	Do.	Do.	Do.
Do.	Do.	Do.	Do.
Do.	Do.	Do.	Do.
Do.	Do.	Do.	Do.
Do.	Do.	Do.	Do.
Do.	Do.	Do.	Do.
Do.	Do.	Do.	Do.
Do.	Do.	Do.	Stone masonry.
Do.	Do.	Do.	Do.
Do.	Do.	Do.	Do.
Do.	Do.	Do.	Do.
Do.	Do.	Do.	Do.
Do.	Do.	Do.	Do.
Do.	Do.	Do.	Do.
Do.	Do.	Do.	Do.
Do.	Do.	Do.	Do.
Do.	Do.	Do.	Do.
Do.	Do.	Earthen dam	Do.
Works completed during the first five year plan.
Do.	Do.	Stone masonry bandhara.	--
141.640	101.171	Do.	Not assessed	No Irrigation.
(350)	(250)	Do.	Not assessed	No Irrigation.
Not available.	Not available	Do.	--
121.406	97.125	Do.	--
(300)	(240)	Do.	--
242.811	242.811	Do.	Not assessed.	No Irrigation.
(600)	(600)	Do.	Not assessed.	No Irrigation.
242.811	242.811	Do.	Do.	Do.
(600)	(600)	Do.	Do.	Do.
121.406	84.984	Do.	--
(300)	(210)	Do.	--
283.280	283.280	Do.	Rs. 9 per acre for rabi crops and irrigation cess Rs. 3 per acre.	Wheat, gram, dadar
(700)	(700)	Do.		Wheat, gram, dadar
76.890	76.890	Do.	--
(190)	(190)	Do.	--
121.406	121.406	Do.	Not assessed	No Irrigation.
(300)	(300)	Do.	Not assessed	No Irrigation.
283.280	283.280	Do.	Rs. 9 per acre for rabi crops and irrigation cess Rs. 3 per acre.	Wheat, gram, dadar
(700)	(700)	Do.		Wheat, gram, dadar
121.406	121.406	Do.	--
(300)	(300)	Do.	--
--	--		Rs. 9 per acre for rabi crops and irrigation cess Rs. 3 per acre.	Wheat, gram.
192.226	101.171
(475)	(250)
607.029	323.749	Stone masonry	Not assessed	No irrigation.
(1500)	(800)	Stone masonry	Not assessed	No irrigation.
--	--
Works completed during the first five year plan.
404.686	404.686	Extension of canal,	Rabi crops at Rs. 9 per acre Kharif crops at Rs. 6 per acre.	Wheat, gram, dadar rice.
(1000)	(1000)	Extension of canal,		Wheat, gram, dadar rice.
2687.115	2687.115	Stone masonry bandhara.	Do.	Do.
(6640)	(6640)	Stone masonry bandhara.	Do.	Do.
687.966	445.155	Extension of canal	Do.	Do.
(1700)	(1100)	Extension of canal	Do.	Do.

TABLE No. 35-contd.

1	2	3	4	5
Works completed during the third five year plan.
74	Earthen dam at Purmepada.	15 miles away from Dhulia.	Dhulia	1953-54 Rs.41.03 lakhs
75	Band C at Anchade	Anchade	Do.	1959-66 Rs.0.55 lakhs.
76	Bandhara across Moti Nalla	4 miles away from Dhulia.	Do.	1959-66 Rs. 0.66 lakhs
77	Bandhara across Panzra river.	Sayyadnagar	Shakri	1953-64 Rs.27.37 lakhs
78	Extension of Shahada Canal.	Kawalith	Shahada	1952-64 Rs. 15.65 lakhs
79	Bandhara and Channel on River Susari.	4 miles away from Shahada'	Do.	1952-64 Rs. 4.76 lakhs
80	B. and.C.across Ajnad Nalla near Nageshwar.	Nageshwar	Shirpur	1962-63 Rs.0.46 lakhs
81	Bandhara and Canal at Gogapur.	Jidhare	Shahada	11th September 1962 to 31stDecember 1963. Rs. 0.46 lakhs
82	Bandhara at Dhong	Gaon Nalla near Dhong.	nawapur	1962-63 Rs. 0.35 lakhs.
83	Bandhara on Rangawali river near Umardi.	Umardi	Do.	24th February 1961 to 15lh April 1962. Rs. 0.29 lakhs.
84	S. R. to Bandhara at Raingaon.	Raingaon.	Do.	Not known. Rs 0.14 lakhs
85	Canal at Umaj	On Gaon Nalla near Umaj.	Nandurbar	1961. Rs.0.19 lakhs.
86	C.R.to Bandhara across river Patalganga near Bhone.	Bhone	Do.	Not known.
87	Improvements to Bandhara at Narayanpur.	On river Shivan near Village Narayanpur.	Do.	1963-64. Rs. 0.33 lakhs.
88	Bandhara at Sangwi	Sangwi	Shirpur	1961-64. Rs.O.75 lakhs. (Revised).
89	Bandhara at Boradi	Shirpur, Boradi.	Do.	1957-62 RS 0.24 lakhs.
90	Bandhara at Nagzari	Nagzari	Nawapur	1961-64. Rs. 0.35 lakhs
91	Improvements to Bandhara at Shewade.	Sindkheda Shewade	Sindkheda	1962-64. Rs. 0.77 lakhs.
Works in Progress Taken up During the Third Five-Year Plan.
92	Tank at Jamphal	Songir	Sindkheda	20th March 1965. Rs. 11.94 lakhs.
93	Tank at Kulthe	Kulthe	Dhulia	15th.April 1961 Rs.7.47 lakhs.
94	Tank at Chawadi	Chawadi	Sakri	Not started. Rs. 10.58 lakhs.
95	Remoulding Shanimandal Tank including diverting the Asarbari Nalla in the existing tank.	Talwade	Nandurbar	12th March