|
|
 |
AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION
|
 |
IRRIGATION
Irrigation assumes special importance in the scheme of agriculture. The main sources of water supply are Government canals, wells, bandharas and tanks. Lift irrigation from rivers, streams and wells through installation of pumping sets has also benefited many places.
Fields are irrigated at frequent intervals. The interval depends upon the season, the type of soil and requirements of crops and varies
from eight to fifteen days. The following table indicates the sources of water supply in various talukas in 1957-58:—
TABLE No. 31.
SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY (TALUKA-WISE) IN SATARA DISTRICT,
1957-58. |
|
Jaoli |
Karad |
Khandala |
Khatav |
Koregaon | |
Canals— | | | | | | |
Number |
-- |
418 |
3 |
5 |
1 | |
Mileage |
-- |
145 |
13 |
35 |
12 | |
Bandharas— | | |
|
|
| |
Number |
964 |
-- |
161 |
718 |
435 | |
Mileage |
615 |
-- |
120 |
250 |
810 | |
Wells used for irrigation only— | | |
|
|
| |
Masonry |
289 |
2,910 |
198 |
2,598 |
2,594 | |
Non-masonry |
164 |
1,249 |
918 |
4,463 |
1.168 | |
Wells used for domestic purposes only |
-- |
477 |
194 |
520 |
630 | |
Wells not in use |
30 |
119 |
26 |
1,590 |
490 |
Mahabaleshwar |
Man |
Patan |
Phaltan |
Satara |
Wai |
Total |
-- |
2 |
1 |
-- |
1 |
-- |
431 |
-- |
10 |
34 |
-- |
2 |
-- |
251 |
|
226 |
118 |
1,135 |
1 |
1,244 |
336 |
5.338 |
|
28 |
72 |
N. A. |
1 |
540 |
492 |
2 928 |
|
54 |
1,117 |
750 |
1,905 |
1,707 |
1,105 |
15,227 |
-- |
3,106 |
240 |
916 |
254 |
352 |
12,830 |
|
481 |
220 |
449 |
236 |
506 |
1,969 |
5,682 |
|
11 |
812 |
265 |
294 |
551 |
518 |
4,706 |
The following table shows taluka-wise net area irrigated by different sources of irrigation, in Satara district, in 1957-58:-
TABLE No. 32.
NET AREA IRRIGATED BY DIFFERENT SOURCES OF IRRIGATION IN SATARA DISTRICT,
1957-58.
|
Taluka/Peta |
NET
AREA IRRIGATED (IN ACRES) |
|
Canals |
Tanks |
Wells |
Other sources |
Total | |
Govt. |
Private | |
Jaoli |
-- |
4,039 |
-- |
712 |
-- |
4,751 | |
Karad |
4,437 |
-- |
-- |
10,017 |
1,233 |
15,687 | |
Khandala |
364 |
1,771 |
-- |
5,598 |
-- |
7,703 | |
Khatav |
5,028 |
1,814 |
-- |
13,323 |
-- |
20,165 | |
Koregaon |
319 |
3,114 |
-- |
5,418 |
-- |
8,851 | |
Mahabaleshwar |
-- |
1,280 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
1,280 | |
Man |
-- |
1,963 |
1,425 |
12,867 |
-- |
16,255 | |
Patan |
-- |
6,224 |
-- |
1,103 |
259 |
7,586 | |
Phaltan |
45,095 |
714 |
-- |
15,954 |
-- |
61,763 | |
Satara |
48 |
6,019 |
-- |
4,188 |
-- |
10,255 | |
Wai |
-- |
4,756 |
-- |
4,370 |
-- |
9,126 | |
Total |
55,291 |
31,694 |
1,425 |
73,550 |
1,492 |
1,63,422 |
continued..
|
Taluka/Peta |
Percentage of net area irrigated to net area shown |
Area
irrigated more than once (in acres) |
Total
gross area of crops irrigated (in acres) |
Percentage of total gross area to total area sown. |
Jaoli |
16 |
3,095 |
7,846 |
11 | |
Karad |
10 |
3,489 |
19.176 |
11 | |
Khandala |
11 |
3,883 |
11,586 |
16 | |
Khatav |
6 |
8,633 |
28,798 |
8 | |
Koregaon |
20 |
5,059 |
13,910 |
2 | |
Mahabaleshwar |
12 |
390 |
1,670 |
16 | |
Man |
7 |
8,022 |
24,277 |
9 | |
Patan |
8 |
4,475 |
12,061 |
7 | |
Phaltan |
35 |
7,725 |
69,488 |
38 | |
Satara |
5 |
4,327 |
14,582 |
8 | |
Wai |
12 |
4,114 |
13,240 |
15 | |
Total |
-- |
53,212 |
2,16,634 |
-- |
The major perennial rivers that run through the district are Krishna and Koyna. After the completion of the Koyna project, the waters of these rivers will be harnessed for stepping up irrigation facilities.
The following table gives area of food crops and non-food crops irrigated in each taluka, in 1957-58:—
TABLE No. 33.
AREA OF FOOD CROPS AND NON-FOOD CROPS, IRRIGATED (TALUKA-WISE) IN SATARA DISTRICT, 1957-58. |
Taluka or Peta |
FOOD CROPS. | |
Rice |
Wheat |
Jowar |
Bajra |
Maize |
Gram |
Mug |
Tur | |
Jaoli |
1,444 |
2,971 |
1,727 |
-- |
-- |
861 |
-- |
-- | |
Karad |
2,812 |
3,128 |
1,866 |
-- |
755 |
534 |
-- |
-- | |
Khandala |
637 |
984 |
4,469 |
1,597 |
45 |
881 |
17 |
-- | |
Khatav |
516 |
3,549 |
8,120 |
2,160 |
830 |
5,478 |
831 |
12 | |
Koregaon |
414 |
2,257 |
3,476 |
428 |
29 |
2,654 |
-- |
-- | |
Mahabaleshwar |
707 |
512 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
3 |
-- |
-- | |
Man |
301 |
3,396 |
8,656 |
6,070 |
190 |
1,659 |
81 |
25 | |
Patan |
5,414 |
3,226 |
1,106 |
-- |
395 |
425 |
-- |
-- | |
Phaltan |
2,255 |
2,372 |
33,322 |
5,082 |
8 |
3,791 |
102 |
1,203 | |
Satara |
3,867 |
2,117 |
4,877 |
-- |
6 |
1,264 |
-- |
-- | |
Wai |
3,438 |
2,188 |
1,488 |
-- |
-- |
1,001 |
-- |
-- | |
Total |
21,805 |
26,700 |
69,107 |
15,337 |
2,258 |
18,551 |
1,031 |
1,267 |
TABLE No. 33-contd.
|
Taluka or Peta |
FOOD CROPS. |
NON-FOOD CROPS. |
|
Sugarcane |
Potato |
Miscellan-eous |
Total |
Chillies |
Ginger |
Turmeric |
Total |
Jaoli |
67 |
222 |
373 |
7,665 |
99 |
2 |
47 |
148 |
Karad |
3,910 |
86 |
1,524 |
14,615 |
-- |
24 |
2,474 |
2,498 |
Khandala |
70 |
390 |
1,524 |
10,614 |
204 |
-- |
6 |
210 |
Khatav |
534 |
4,961 |
1,455 |
28,446 |
-- |
65 |
194 |
259 |
Koregaon |
251 |
943 |
2,070 |
12,522 |
710 |
52 |
223 |
985 |
Mahabaleshwar |
8 |
67 |
436 |
1,733 |
-- |
-- |
1 |
1 |
Man |
452 |
540 |
1,713 |
23,083 |
-- |
-- |
3 |
3 |
Patan |
552 |
1 |
925 |
12,044 |
-- |
7 |
335 |
342 |
Phaltan |
8,717 |
33 |
3,905 |
60,847 |
529 |
-- |
4 |
533 |
Satara |
394 |
420 |
14 |
12,959 |
154 |
214 |
279 |
647 |
Wai |
333 |
2,118 |
526 |
11,092 |
205 |
1 |
475 |
681 |
|
Total |
15,318 |
9,781 |
14,465 |
1,95,620 |
1,901 |
365 |
4,041 |
6,307 |
Wells.
The wells used for irrigation are generally circular with a diameter of ten to twelve feet and a depth of twenty to fifty feet. Wells are pitched with stones and mortar. The water is lifted by mot (a leather or iron container). The leather mot five or six feet long is worked in shallow wells, while the one about ten feet long in deep wells. Leather mots are prepared by village cobblers and used commonly.
The iron mots usually of the Sangli type are imported from neighbouring
urban centres. It is worked by a pair of bullocks and can irrigate from one to
five acres. Oil engines or electrical motors are also set up to lift water for
irrigating fields. They are being increasingly used, as agriculturists can buy
them with State aid. [The number of engines in use, in the district, in 1957-58, was, 1,356, distributed as under: Jaoli, 3; Karad, 391; Khandala, 40; Khatav, 123; Koregaon, 75; Man, 63; Patan, 75; Phaltan, 342; Satara, 181 and Wai, 63.]
Bandharas and Tanks.
Bandharas and tanks provide another important source of irrigation and arc built across small rivers and streams. Their details in
respect of location, area, etc. are shown below. In 1957-58 there were 15 tanks and bandharas distributed as under:—
TABLE No. 34.
DETAILS OK PACCA BANDHARAS AND TANKS IN SATARA DISTRICT,
1957-58.
|
Taluka or peta. |
Tank or Bandhara. |
Area irrigated in acres. |
Khatav:— |
| |
|
Ner |
Tank |
5,107 |
|
Mayani |
Tank |
1,424 |
|
Walkeshwar |
Bandhara |
281 |
|
Daruj |
Tank |
300 |
|
Kumathe Bhor |
Bandhara |
154 |
|
Ambavade |
Bandhara |
N.A. |
Koregaon:— |
|
|
|
Lhasurne |
Bandhara |
N.A. |
|
Revadei |
Bandhara |
534 |
Man:— |
|
|
|
Bidal |
Tank |
909 |
|
Ingali |
Tank |
1,000 |
|
Ranand |
Tank |
905 |
|
Rajewadi |
Tank |
N.A. |
Patan:— |
|
|
|
Tarali |
Bandhara |
N.A. |
Phaltan:— |
|
|
|
Kuravali |
Bandhara |
N.A. |
Satara:— |
|
|
|
Urmodei |
Bandhara |
222 |
There was one lift irrigation scheme at Nimborda village in Khatav taluka which irrigated about 6,000 acres. Besides, there are a
few small pacca bandharas completed recently in the district. Their details in respect of location, area, etc. are shown below:—
TABLE No. 35.
DETAILS OF SMALL BANDHARAS IN SATARA DISTRICT, 1957.
|
Taluka or peta. |
Area irrigated (in acres). |
Jaoli:— |
|
|
Sayagatan |
75 |
Karad:— |
|
|
Wadgaon |
150 |
|
Kumthe |
87 |
|
Shiram |
50 |
|
Koparde |
121 |
|
Shivade |
250 |
|
Ond |
136 |
|
Surali |
50 |
Khatav:— |
|
|
Pusesavli |
92 |
|
Kalambi |
45 |
|
Tupewadi |
77 |
|
Banewadi |
47 |
Patan:— |
|
|
Bahule |
30 |
Satara:— |
|
|
Borgaon |
125 |
|
Deogaon |
5 |
|
Jamb |
31 |
|
Jaitapur |
46 |
|
Karanje |
52 |
|
Karavindli |
19 |
|
Khaherkhed |
24 |
|
Nagthane |
40 |
|
Limb |
293 |
|
Saigaon |
46 |
Co-operative Lift Irrigation Schemes.
Co-operative lift irrigation societies have been formed to enable
member cultivators to pool their resources for the purchase of lift irrigation plant and machinery. This helps to bring larger areas under irrigation, reduce the cost of irrigation per acre, raise more than one crop a year and to make farming more profitable. 13 lift irrigation schemes were executed in the district, in 1959. Of them, seven were complete, bringing under them 2,686 acres. Krishna, Koyna, Nira, Urmodi and Yerala have abundant water supply which forms the pivot of lift irrigation schemes. The following table gives the details of lift irrigation schemes, in the district, in 1959:—
TABLE No. 36.
LIFT IRRIGATION SOCIETIES IN SATARA DISTRICT, AS ON 31ST MARCH 1959.
|
Name of the society |
Date of registration |
Area under command |
|
|
|
|
|
1. |
Wai Bhadreshwar co-operative Lift Irrigation society |
23rd March 1950 |
475 |
|
2. |
Krishna Dhanyotpadak Sahakari Pani Puravatha Mandali, Ltd., Chinehner |
24th
February 1950. |
900 |
3. |
Vechale co-operative Lift Irrigation Society, Ltd. |
26th February 1952 |
|
|
